Kuti upe simbi workpieces neinodiwa michina, yemuviri, uye makemikari zvivakwa, mukuwedzera kune zvine musoro kusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye akasiyana ekugadzira maitiro, kupisa kupisa maitiro kunowanzo kukosha. Simbi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa zvinhu muindasitiri yemagetsi, ine yakaoma microstructure inogona kudzorwa kuburikidza nekupisa kurapwa. Nokudaro, kupisa kupisa kwesimbi ndicho chinhu chikuru chesimbi inopisa kurapa.
Uye zvakare, aruminiyamu, mhangura, magnesium, titanium uye alloys avo anogona zvakare kushandura ma mechanic, emuviri uye kemikari zvivakwa kuburikidza nekupisa kurapwa kuti vawane akasiyana maitiro ekuita.
Kurapa kwekupisa kazhinji hakuchinji chimiro uye makemikari akazara eiyo workpiece, asi kuti inopa kana kuvandudza mashandiro ayo nekushandura iyo microstructure mukati meworkpiece kana kushandura kemikari pamusoro peiyo workpiece. Chimiro chayo ndechekuvandudza intrinsic yemhando yeworkpiece, iyo isingawanzo kuoneka neziso rakashama.
Basa rekupisa kupisa ndere kuvandudza ma mechanic properties yezvishandiso, kubvisa zvakasara zvinonetsa, uye kuwedzera machinability emasimbi. Zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvakasiyana zvekupisa kupisa, maitiro ekurapa kupisa anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: yekutanga kupisa kurapwa uye yekupedzisira kupisa kurapwa.
1.Chinangwa chekutanga kupisa kupisa ndechekuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa, kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati, uye kugadzirira yakanaka metallographic chimiro chekupedzisira kupisa kupisa. Iyo yekupisa kurapwa maitiro inosanganisira annealing, normalizing, kuchembera, kudzima uye kupisa, nezvimwe.
l Annealing uye normalizing inoshandiswa kune ma blanks akaitwa kupisa kwekupisa. Carbon simbi uye alloy simbi ine kabhoni yemukati inopfuura 0.5% inowanzo nyuchirwa kuderedza kuoma kwavo uye kufambisa kucheka; Carbon simbi uye alloy simbi ine kabhoni yemukati isingasviki 0.5% inobatwa neyakajairwa kudzivirira kunonamira chishandiso panguva yekucheka nekuda kwekuderera kwavo kuoma. Annealing uye normalizing inogona kunatsa saizi yezviyo uye kuwana yunifomu microstructure, kugadzirira remangwana kupisa kurapwa. Anealing uye normalizing anowanzo kurongwa mushure rough machining uye pamberi rough machining.
l Nguva yekurapa inonyanya kushandiswa kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunogadzirwa mukugadzirwa kusina chinhu uye mechanical processing. Kuti udzivise basa rekufambisa rakawandisa, kune zvikamu zvine humbowo, kurapwa kwenguva kunogona kurongwa kusati kwaitwa machining. Nekudaro, kune zvikamu zvine yakanyanya kurongeka zvinodiwa (senge casing yemashini anofinha), maviri kana anopfuura maitiro ekuchembera anofanirwa kurongwa. Zvikamu zviri nyore kazhinji hazvidi kurapwa kuchembera. Pamusoro pekukandira, kune mamwe mativi akajeka ane kusimba kwakashata (sekurongeka kwakaringana), marapirwo mazhinji ekuchembera anowanzo kurongeka pakati pehutsinye machining uye semi precision machining kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira uye kudzikamisa iko machining kwezvikamu. Zvimwe zvikamu zve shaft zvinoda kurapwa kwenguva mushure mekugadzirisa.
l Kudzima uye kupisa kunoreva kudziya kwepamusoro-tembiricha kurapwa mushure mekudzima, iyo inogona kuwana yunifomu uye yakanaka yakadzikama martensite chimiro, kugadzirira kudzikisa deformation panguva yekudzima kwepasi uye nitriding kurapwa mune ramangwana. Naizvozvo, kudzima uye kupisa kunogona kushandiswawo segadziriro yekugadzirira kupisa. Nekuda kweiyo yakanaka yakazara mechanicha zvimiro zveakadzima uye ane hasha zvikamu, zvimwe zvikamu zvine zvakaderera zvinodiwa zvekuomarara uye kupfeka kuramba zvinogona kushandiswa seyekupedzisira kupisa kupisa maitiro.
2.Chinangwa chekupedzisira kupisa kupisa ndechekuvandudza ma mechanical zvinhu zvakadai sekuoma, kupfeka kuramba, uye simba.
l Kudzima kunosanganisira kudzima kwepamusoro uye kudzima kwakawanda. Surface quenching inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo diki deformation, oxidation, uye decarburization, uye zvakare ine zvakanakira simba rekunze rekunze uye yakanaka kupfeka kuramba, uku ichichengetedza kuomarara uye kusimba kwakasimba kuramba mukati. Kuti uvandudze ma mechanic properties yenzvimbo dzakadzimwa zvikamu, zvinowanzodiwa kuita kupisa kurapwa senge kudzima uye kupisa kana normalizing sekutanga kupisa kupisa. Iyo yakajairika nzira nzira ndeye: kucheka - forging - normalizing (annealing) - rough machining - kudzima nekupisa - semi precision machining - kudzima pamusoro - kunyatsogadzira machining.
l Carburizing quenching inokodzera yakaderera kabhoni simbi uye yakaderera alloy simbi. Chekutanga, iyo kabhoni yemukati yechikamu chepamusoro chechikamu inowedzerwa, uye mushure mekudzima, iyo yepamusoro layer inowana kuomarara kwepamusoro, nepo musimboti uchiri kuchengetedza rimwe simba, kuoma kwepamusoro, uye plastiki. Carbonization inogona kukamurwa kuita yakazara carburizing uye yemuno carburizing. Paunenge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchingedzo. Nekuda kweiyo deformation yakakura yakakonzerwa nekuvharirwa uye kudzima, uye kudzika kwecarburizing kazhinji kubva pa 0.5 kusvika 2mm, iyo carburizing process inowanzo rongwa pakati pesemi precision machining uye chaiyo machining. Iyo general process nzira ndeye: kucheka forging normalizing rough uye semi precision machining carburizing quenching precision machining. Kana iyo isiri carburized chikamu chemunharaunda carburized zvikamu zvinotora hurongwa hwekuwedzera muripo uye kucheka yakawandisa carburized layer, maitiro ekucheka yakawandisa carburized layer inofanira kurongeka mushure mecarburization uye isati yadzima.
l Nitriding kurapwa inzira yekurapa inobvumira maatomu enitrogen kupinda mukati mesimbi kuti awane dangwe remakomisheni ane nitrogen. Iyo nitriding layer inogona kuvandudza kuomarara, kupfeka kuramba, kuneta simba, uye corrosion kuramba kwepamusoro pezvikamu. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera nitriding yekurapwa tembiricha, diki deformation, uye nhete nitriding layer (kazhinji isingadariki 0.6 ~ 0.7mm), iyo nitriding process inofanirwa kurongwa nekunonoka sezvinobvira. Kuti uderedze deformation panguva ye nitriding, kudziya kwepamusoro-kudzikamisa kushushikana kunowanzo kudiwa mushure mekucheka.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-24-2024